<h1>Non-destructive Testing</h1>
Vessel construction and building methods must be perfect in order to have fewer flaws while traveling and also while repairing or doing maintenance work for the vessel, there is a need to understand each and every component so that every component functions properly without any failure, vessel repairing standards differ due to the various challenges faced by the vessel and thus utmost care must be taken while building or repairing the vessel. Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) is very beneficial in any manufacturing work because it is a form of investigation in which the people investigating the product obtain the details of that particular product without inducing any harm to that particular product, which is why it is the most preferred method for any product to check whether the product is ready to go or still has some defects in it. NDT evaluation is feasible during the construction of the ship, during regular service of the ship, and after the product has been replaced or corrected. There are NDT techniques like as radiographic, ultrasonic, magnetic particle, liquid penetrant, and various other techniques with the use of these NDT techniques, the technician evaluates the product's durability, and if it fails, it is correctly manufactured and welded again to create a more dependable product. Interior irregularities are mostly determined with the help of radiographic and ultrasonic techniques. Radiographic techniques are beneficial in evaluating porosity and slag, while ultrasonic techniques are beneficial in evaluating laminations and fractures. With the help of these two methods, steady testing is possible, as both have advantages and limitations, so using both techniques can help tremendously. In magnetic particle testing, the magnetic field is used in this NDT technique to detect irregularities at or around the surface of the material, for generating magnetic field a magnet or an electromagnet can be utilized, and liquid penetrant is accomplished by applying a liquid with a low fluidity to the object to be evaluated; during this process, the liquid detects cracks or porosity, and the problem may then be graphically displayed. NDT techniques do not take too much time, and they are incredibly important in a vessel since there are many structures and joints in the vessel, and any minor irregularities might cause harm, and NDT is required to avoid all of these problems and failures.
References:
1. <a href="https://marinesol.org/non-destructive-testing-ndt/
">marinesol.org</a>
2.<a href="https://www.wartsila.com/encyclopedia/term/nondestructive-testing-methods-of-hull-welds
">wartsila.com</a>
3.<a href="https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/what-is-non-destructive-testing#MethodsofNonDestructiveTesting
">twi-global.com</a>